发光细菌在渔业水域污染物急性毒性快速检测中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴伟  胡庚东  火村英  奚新伟 《广东海洋大学学报》1998,(2)

以明亮发光杆菌为指示生物,对渔业水域中污染物的急性毒性进行了检测,同时研究了PH值、温度对试验结果的影响。研究表明,发光细菌毒性试验是一种快速、简便的毒性测试方法,在温度20～30℃,pH6.0～9.0条件下所进行的测试,其结果与鱼类毒性试验可以互相替代。  相似文献   

南极长城湾及邻近水域表水异养细菌的含量估计及相关因子分析(英)     

CHEN Hao-Wen  ZHU Ming-Yuan 《冰川冻土》1998,(4)

A survey was made of the number of the heterotrophic bacteria in surface seawater of Great Wall Bay and its adjacent waters, Antarctica during the period of austral summers from Dec.1993 to Feb. 1994. The result shows that the number of the heterotrophic bacteria in the surface waterof the surveyed area is about 798 CFU. cm-3, ranging from 53 to 4 250 CFU. cm-3. Comparison of thenumbers for three months shows a declining tendency month by month. Comparing with the previous results, this one shows that the heterotrophic bacteria number changes somewhat, but slightly. It is lower than that in nearshore waters but higher than that in the open area. This shows that there is a positive correlative relationship between CFU and NH4- N, which means that heterotrophic bacteria should be an important agent in NH4-N reproduction in the environment surveyed. There is an significant negative correlation both between CFU and NOZ-N, and between CFU and PO4-P. This means that the NOZ-N, PO.-P, which were decomposed and transformed by bacteria, were used rapidly by phytoplankton.  相似文献   

硅酸盐细菌GY92对伊利石的释钾作用   总被引：26，自引：2，他引：24  

连宾 《矿物学报》1998,18(2):234-238

1992年在贵阳郊区玉米地中分离出一株硅酸盐细菌GY92,为探求GY92对伊利石的释钾作用,对采用的有关材料和方法、相关实验所获的GY92个体形态及培养特征、部分生理生化特征及其对伊利石的释钾作用等结果作了较详细的介绍,同时就GY92对伊利石的释钾机理等问题进行了简单讨论。  相似文献   

Uncertainty in modelling of faecal coliform overland transport associated with manure application in Maryland     

A. K. Guber  Y. A. Pachepsky  A. M. Yakirevich  D. R. Shelton  A. M. Sadeghi  D. C. Goodrich  C. L. Unkrich 《水文研究》2011,25(15):2393-2404

Concerns for microbial safety of surface water facilitate development of predictive models that estimate concentrations and total numbers of pathogen and indicator organisms leaving manure‐fertilized fields in overland flow during runoff events. Spatial variability of bacterial concentrations in applied manure introduces high uncertainty in the model predictions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the uncertainty in model predictions of the manure‐borne bacteria overland transport caused by limited information on the spatial distribution of bacteria in surface‐applied manure. Experiments were carried out at the ARS Beltsville experimental watershed site (OPE3) in Maryland. Dairy bovine manure was applied at a 59·3 t/ha rate on the 3·55 hectare experimental field. Faecal coliform (FC) concentrations in manure measured in 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2009 varied by 4 orders of magnitude each year. Both runoff volume and FC concentrations in runoff water were monitored using a runoff flume equipped with a refrigerated pump sampler. Two runoff events occurred before the manure was incorporated into the soil. A bacteria transport add‐on module simulator of transport with infiltration and runoff (STWIR) was linked with the event‐based kinematic runoff and erosion model (KINEROS2) to simulate convective‐dispersive overland transport, bacteria release from manure, reversible attachment–detachment to soil, and surface straining of infiltrating bacteria. The model was successfully calibrated with the field experiment data. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to account for the spatial variation in FC in applied manure and uncertainty in the FC distribution in manure caused by the small number of samples. A tenfold and twofold variation in FC concentrations in the runoff were obtained within the 90% probability interval when initial FC spatial distributions in the manure were represented by 5 and 29 samples, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Stormflow dynamics and loads of Escherichia coli in a large mixed land use catchment     

Lucy A. McKergow  Robert J. Davies‐Colley 《水文研究》2010,24(3):276-289

Storm events are major transporters of faecal microbial contaminants, but few studies have reported storm loads or concentration dynamics in relation to discharge or other pollutants, notably fine sediment. Episodically, high loads of faecal contamination during storm flows impact downstream uses of water bodies, particularly contact recreation and shellfish harvesting. We examined the storm dynamics of Escherichia coli, turbidity and discharge in the mixed land use Motueka catchment (2047 km²; 60% forest and 19% pasture) to gain insights into E. coli sources and transport. We also explored different approaches for calculating E. coli loads. Discharge and field turbidity were recorded continuously, and E. coli concentrations were sampled during events, over a 13‐month period near the mouth of the Motueka River. E. coli loads were estimated by interpolation, averaging estimators and by using linear regression with smearing correction of the log‐transformed variables: discharge, turbidity, and both turbidity and discharge. The annual E. coli load was dominated (～98%) by export during events. Comparison of monthly monitoring with the intensive storm monitoring campaign suggests that simple stratification of the sampling into storm and baseflow would greatly improve export estimates. E. coli peak concentrations always preceded discharge and turbidity peaks (which had similar timing). Turbidity can be a useful surrogate for faecal microbes in smaller catchments, but in the Motueka turbidity was no better for predicting E. coli concentration than discharge. Runoff from grazed pasture and direct deposition from livestock are probably the ultimate E. coli sources in the Motueka catchment. However, in‐channel stores seem to dominate E. coli dynamics during events and account for the typical feature of bacterial concentrations peaking ahead of discharge and turbidity. This study demonstrates the importance of storm events to faecal microbial loads and shows that E. coli concentration dynamics may contrast with those of turbidity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A culture-dependent survey of thermophilic bacteria from hot springs in Xiamen area in China     

YANG Bo  OUYANG Jianping  AO Jingqun  CHEN Xinhua 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(1):62-71

Microbes are believed to play important roles in ecosystem function in many environments. The hot springs of Xiamen Island are close to the Xiamen Sea, and may have some characteristics different from those of inland hot springs. Microbes living in the hot springs of Xiamen may have new characteristics. However, little is known about microbial communities of hot springs close to the Xiamen Sea. A culturedependent survey of microbial population in the Xiamen hot springs was performed by using an approach combining total cellular protein profile identification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 328 isolates of bacteria were obtained from liquid and sediment samples from the Xiamen hot springs, including neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria and moderately thermophilic acidophiles. Neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria, which grow at a temperature range of 55—90℃ including Rhodothermus marinus (Strain 1), Thermus thermophilus (Strain 2), Thermus thiopara (Strain 3), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Strain 4), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (Strain 5), and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (Strain 6), were recovered by 2216E plates. Moderately thermophilic acidophiles, which can grow at temperatures above 50℃ and a pH range of 1.8—3.5 such as Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (Strain 8), Sulfobacillus acidophilus (Strain 9), and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (Strain 10), were isolated on selective solid medium containing sulfur and Fe2+. Among these strains, Rhodothermus marinus, Thermus thermophilus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus are not only thermophiles, but also halophiles. One bacterium strain (Strain 6) shared 99% nucleotide sequence homology with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, but was quite different from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in biological characteristics, suggesting that it may represent a novel thermophilic species. Results indicated that various species of neutrophilic thermophiles and moderately thermophilic acidophiles were widely distributed in the Xiamen hot springs and that Rhodothermus marinus and Thermus thermophilus dominated the cultivable microbial community.  相似文献   

Growth of marine bacteria and ammonium regeneration from substrates in different C: N ratios     

WANG Jiangtao  YIN Xiaonan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(3):59-64

Natural assemblages of marine bacteria were chosen in a batch culture experiments. The impact of varying nitrogen substrate concentrations and the substrate C:N ratios (C:N_S) on the bacterial C:N ratio (C:N_B), the bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) and ammonium regeneration was mainly examined. The C:N_S ratios varied from 5:1 (carbon limitation) to 40:1 (nitrogen limitation) with varying combinations of glucose and NO₃^-. The C:N_B ratio had positive relationship with the C:N_S ratio (r=0.93, n=8), whose value was 3.77 when the C:N_S ratio was 5:1 but increased to 6.47 when the C:NS ratio was 40:1. These results indicate that the C:N_B ratio is a potential diagnostic tool for determining the bacterial growth in natural waters controlled by either, carbon or nitrogen. BGE decreased with the declining nitrate concentration and negatively related to C:N_s (r=-0.51, n=8). The average value of BGE was 0.20. This value was a little lower than other reports, which could be induced by the nitrogen source used in our experiments. Finally, regeneration time of ammonium delayed with the increasing C:N_S ratio, which indicates that there were different metabolism mechanisms when bacterial growth was limited by carbon source and nitrogen source.  相似文献   

Isolation and identification of bacteria associated with the surfaces of several algal species     

王子峰  肖天  逄少军  刘敏  岳海东 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(3):487-492

We conducted this study to assess the diversity of bacteria associated with the surfaces of algae based on 16S rDNA sequence analyses.Twelve strains of bacteria were obtained from the surfaces of the following four species of algae:Gracilaria textorii,Ulva pertusa,Laminaria japonica,and Polysiphonia urceolata.The isolated strains of bacteria can be divided into two groups:Halomonas and Vibrio,in physiology,biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analyses.The phylogenetic tree constructed based on ...  相似文献   

拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌海洋细菌的筛选和鉴定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄瑶  杨耿周  张雅娟  何秋韵  林巧玲  易润华 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(6):72-77

从93份中国南部海域近海海泥样品中分离出1800多株海洋细菌,以对峙培养法,测定海洋细菌对香蕉枯萎菌的拮抗作用,再以琼脂划线培养法(agar streak)测定菌株的抑菌活性,结果表明:约55.6%的菌株对香蕉枯萎菌有一定的拮抗作用,其中58株菌株抑制香蕉枯萎菌生长所形成的抑菌带宽度大于10.0mm,抑菌作用较好,复筛后其中13个菌株形成的抑菌带宽在15.0mm以上。经反复转接和对峙培养,筛选出拮抗效果好、抑菌活性稳定的菌株TC-1,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属的细菌,TC-1对14种病原微生物都有较好的抑菌效果。  相似文献   

大黄鱼病原副溶血弧菌拮抗菌的筛选   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

郭国军  覃映雪  陈强  邹文政  鄢庆枇 《海洋学报》2008,30(1):127-134

用点种法从大黄鱼肠道优势菌群中筛选出104株病原性副溶血弧菌的拮抗菌,进一步研究拮抗效果最好的11株拮抗菌的抗菌谱和生长曲线,其中NAC平板上筛选的4株拮抗菌的抗菌范围较广,锰营养琼脂培养基上筛选的3株拮抗菌具有生长优势。用BIOLOG板测定了抗菌谱较广、有一定生长优势3株拮抗菌(R22,Y58和J312)的碳源利用情况,结果表明,3株拮抗菌的碳源谱都比较广,都能利用糖类、有机酸和氨基酸等,而且与鱼类营养的竞争较小。16S rRNA基因同源性分析的结果显示与R22,Y58,J312同源性达99%以上的菌株分别来自弧菌属、芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属。进一步对R22,J312和Y58三株拮抗菌进行生化鉴定,结果显示R22为溶藻弧菌,J312为荧光假单胞菌,但Y58的种属未能得到确认。所得到的3株拮抗菌R22,Y58,J312在拮抗病原菌、抗菌谱、生长特性和营养利用等方面都初步满足益生菌的筛选条件,有待进一步检测其安全性和实用效果以便能够成为能实用的益生菌。  相似文献